Wednesday 20 May 2009

Car history

Cars (Automobiles short of that comes from the Greek 'autos' (self) and Latin' movére '(move)) is a wheeled vehicle or four more to bring the machine itself. Type of car, including a bus, van, truck. Operation of the car is called the wheel.

History

Vehicle steam power made at the end of the century 18. Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot successfully demonstrate the vehicle in the year 1769. The first vehicle to use power steam engine, steam engine may be increased the most known, was developed in Birmingham, England by Lunar Society. And also in Birmingham car energy fuel made perama time in Britain in 1896 by Frederick William Lanchester who also to patent disc brake. In the 1890's, ethanol is used as a source of energy in the U.S.

Popularity

Cugnot seen the invention of the low usage in the original French, and the findings are forwarded to Britain, where Richard Trevithick steam-tram to run in the year 1801. Vehicle is considered to be strange at first, but the findings in the decades after, such as hand brakes, multi-speed transmission, and increase the speed and the wheel, making them a success.

Today, America has a car more than other countries. Japanese lead in making cars, but Japanese people can not afford to pay for the car because the parking lot is rarely the price of fuel and the expensive

Innovation

Patents in the U.S. first car given to Oliver Evans in 1789; in 1804 demonstrating the Evans car first, not only the first car in the U.S. but also a vehicle amphibi first, the vehicle power steam capable to drive wheels on land use and water use in the wheel padel .

Generally, the first car in the combustion engine that uses gasoline made almost simultaneously in 1886 by German inventors working separately. Carl Benz on 3 July 1886 in Mannheim, and Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in Stuttgart.

On 5 November 1895, George B. Selden awarded U.S. patent for a car engine two-stroke. This patented give negative than positive impact on the development of car industry in the U.S.. Spectacular breakthrough made by Berta Benz in 1888. Steam engine, electricity, and gasoline to compete for several decades, with the engine burning gasoline in achieving dominance in the 1910's.

The large-scale production of making the car affordable price made by Oldsmobil in 1902, and then developed a large-scale by Henry Ford in 1910's. In the period from 1900 to mid 1920's development of automotive technology is very fast, due to the large number (hundreds) of small car in which all compete to gain the attention of the world.

Including the development of major electronic ignition and electronic self-starter (both by Charles Kettering, the car company for Cadillac in 1910-1911), independent suspention, four-brake and tire.

In the 1930s, most of the technology in permobilan already created, though often re-created in the future and given credit to others. For example, the steering wheel of front-back created by the launch in the André Citroën Traction Avant in 1934, although this technology has appeared several years earlier in a car made by Alvis and Cord, and in the car racing by Miller (and may already appear in early 1897 ).

After 1930, the number of car manufacturers drastically reduced join with each other and the industry matured. Since 1960, the number of producers is almost fixed, and reduced innovation. In many cases, new technology is only improvement of the previous technology. With exception of the findings in the management engine, which entered the market in the 1960s, when electronic goods become cheap enough for mass-production and strong enough to handle the rough environment in the car. Developed by Bosch, these electronic tools can make out the car drastically reduced while increasing the efficiency and power.

Security

A car accident nearly coeval with the car it self. Joseph Cugnot car crash steam energy "Fardier" on the wall in 1770. Fateful car accident the first time the note was Bridget Driscoll on August 17 1896 in London, and Henry Bliss on 13 September 1899 in New York City.

Each year more than a million people killed and around 50 million injured in traffic (according to WHO estimates). Is a major cause of accidents or drunk drivers in the influence of drugs, not the attention, too tired, in the way of danger (such as snow, holes, animal, and careless drivers). Facility security was created in a special car for years.

Cars have two basic safety problems: They have drivers who often have errors and a loss of tire friction braking when approaching the half-gravity. Automatic control has been proposed and made an example.

Early research focused on increasing the brakes and reduce the fire hazard of fuel system. Systematic research in crash safety started in 1958 at the Ford Motor Company. Since then, much research focuses on the absorption of energy with the outside panel that is easily destroyed and the human movement in the passenger space.

There are standard tests security car, such as EuroNCAP and USNCAP. There is also a test that is assisted by the insurance industry.

Despite improvements in technology, death rate from car accidents remains high, in the U.S. about 40,000 people die each year, numbers that still grow in line with the increase in population and travel, with the same trends in Europe. Mortality is estimated to be doubled worldwide in 2020. Figures from the more death and injury is a disability.

Source : wikipedia

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